Mai 1527 im Palacio de Pimentel, Valladolid; † 13. war und ist père du peuple, Vater des Volkes. He was the eldest son of Cosimo II de' Medici and Maria Maddalena of Austria.His 49-year rule was punctuated by the beginning of Tuscany's long economic decline. The Styrian nobles and burghers unsuccessfully sought assistance from Rudolph II and their Austrian peers against him.The Ottomans failed to exploit this victory, as Rudolph II's troops managed to defeat them near Ferdinand's appointment as the Emperor's deputy to the Diet implied that Rudolph regarded Ferdinand—the only Habsburg who had already fathered children—as his successor.Ferdinand's mother died on 29 April 1608, while he was staying in Regensburg.Matthias was elected Holy Roman Emperor only months after Rudolph II died on 20 June 1612.Ferdinand sent troops against the Uskoks' principal center at Matthias adopted Ferdinand as his son in 1615, but without proposing Ferdinand's election as king of the Romans, because he feared that Ferdinand would force him to abdicate.The application of the Letter of Majesty was controversial in Bohemia.Ferdinand was staying in Pressburg when he was informed of the Bohemian events on 27 May 1618.Ferdinand continued the negotiations with the Estates of Lower and Upper Austria about his recognition as Matthias' successor in both provinces.Maximilian I of Bavaria urged Ferdinand to adopt strict measures against the Bohemians and their allies,Ferdinand could not pay off his mercenaries' salaries.The united imperial and Spanish armies inflicted decisive defeats on the Protestant troops in the Holy Roman Empire in May and June 1622.Ferdinand decided to unite the Habsburgs' hereditary lands—Inner Austria, Upper and Lower Austria and Tyrol—into a new kingdom.Deprived of the Palatinate, Frederick V had made a new alliance with the Becanus who died in late 1623 was succeeded by Lamormaini as Ferdinand's confessor.Ferdinand ceremoniously renewed his oath about the restoration of Catholicism in his realms on 25 March 1624.Ferdinand also took advantage of his peace with Bethlen to strengthen his position in Hungary.The electors of Mainz and Saxony demanded that Ferdinand should convoke the electors to a new convention to discuss the status of the Palatinate, but Ferdinand adopted a delaying tactic.His devout Catholicism and negative view of Protestantism caused immediate turmoil in his non-Catholic subjects, especially in Bohemia. He married Vittoria della Rovere, a first cousin, with whom he had two children who reached adulthood: Cosimo III …

April 1657 in Wien), geboren als Ferdinand Ernst, Erzherzog von Österreich aus dem Hause Habsburg, war von 1637 bis zu seinem Tode 1657 römisch-deutscher Kaiser, zudem bereits seit 1625 bzw. Der fortwirkende Beiname Ludwigs XII. Ferdinand was installed as the actual ruler of the Inner Austrian provinces in 1596 and 1597. His cousin Rudolph II also charged him with the command of the defense of Croatia, Slavonia and southeastern Hungary against the Ferdinand's education was managed primarily by his mother.Ferdinand completed his studies on 21 December 1594; Rudolph II permitted him to return to Graz only two months later.Ferdinand reached the age of majority in late 1596.Ferdinand made an unofficial journey to Italy before getting fully involved in state administration.Ferdinand forbade the Estates of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola to hold a joint assembly. The first years of Ferdinand and Isabella's joint rule saw the Spanish conquest of the The latter part of Ferdinand's life was largely taken up with disputes with successive kings of France over control of Italy, the The King of France complains that I have twice deceived him. Ferdinand II (9 July 1578 – 15 February 1637), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor (1619–1637), King of Bohemia (1617–1619, 1620–1637), and King of Hungary and Croatia (1618–1637). In order to muster an imperial army to continue the war, he applied to His military success caused the tottering Protestants to call in Tilly died in battle in 1632. Biography Acquiring titles and powers.